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• ADHD is characterized by three main symptoms: inattention, impulsivity, and excessive activity.
• Not all children who exhibit these symptoms have it.
• No single test can diagnose it. A doctor or psychologist will need to gather a lot of information before they can diagnose it.
• Children with it need support from family members, teachers and caregivers.
• Children with it, and their families, may benefit from medication, positive parenting techniques, school support, and counseling.

This page

• ADHD can be a disorder of development
• Diagnose it
• ADHD Types
• Causes and symptoms of it
• How to care for a child who has it
• Managing it
• Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
• Where to find help

Attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD), also known as attention deficit disorder, affects young children’s behavior and learning. Children with it have difficulty concentrating and are easily distracted. They may also be impulsive or overactive. It is neither the child’s nor the parent’s fault.

Children with it often do not understand how they feel out of control and lonely. It has no known cause.

ADHD is a developmental disorder

It is a “neurodevelopmental” disorder (brain-development disorder) that can affect brain functions in various ways. It is not a sign that a person has low intelligence. People with it can overcome their difficulties with the help of medical treatment, understanding and care.

Children with it have difficulty with the following:

• Inattention– having trouble concentrating, forgetting directions, moving from one job to another without finishing anything
• Impulsivity, such as having a “short fuse”, being accident-prone, or talking over others.
• excessive activity – constant restlessness, fidgeting and restlessness
• emotional regulation
• Social Navigation
• Sleep.

Most young children are limited in their attention span and often do things without thinking. However, only a small number of them have it.

Diagnosis for ADHD

You can consult your doctor if you have concerns about your child. You can ask them to refer your child for assessment to a doctor specializing in child and youth care (a pediatrician) or a child psychotherapist.

A single test cannot diagnose it. Only after a thorough assessment can a specialist diagnose it . The specialist must gather various information, especially from the child’s parents and school. It symptoms must be evident in all areas of a child’s daily life.

This assessment may include information about the child’s past behaviors, traumas or illnesses they have suffered, as well as their family and relationships.

When diagnosing it, doctors and psychologists employ various tools, scales, and criteria.

Inattention criteria for diagnosing ADHD

A child who is exhibiting symptoms of inattention will frequently:

• Not paying attention to the details or making mistakes that appear careless in schoolwork or other activities.
• Have difficulty maintaining attention during play or tasks
• Listening only when spoken indirectly.
• Not following through with instructions.
• Not finishing schoolwork, chores or other duties (but this is not because the child is being willful or needs help understanding instructions).
• You need help organizing your tasks and activities.
• Avoid, dislike or refuse to do tasks requiring mental effort (such as schoolwork or homework).
• Lose things that are needed to complete tasks or activities.
• You can be easily distracted.
• Be forgetful of daily activities.

The inattention component of it may be diagnosed in a child who has six or more inattention symptoms over six months. (This must interfere with daily life and not correspond to the normal developmental level for a child their age.)

Hyperactivity-impulsivity criteria for diagnosing ADHD

Hyperactive children may:

• Fidget or squirm with your feet or hands
• Leave their seat when in a classroom or other situations where remaining seated is expected
• Run or climb excessively when in an inappropriate situation
• Have difficulty participating in leisure activities or playing games quietly
• Be ‘on the move’ or act like you’re ‘driven by motor.’
• Talk more than the average.

Children with symptoms of impulsivity can often be:

• Answer before the questions are completed
• Waiting for a turn can be difficult
• Interrupt or invade others (for instance, disrupting conversations or games).

A child with six or more of these symptoms for at least six months (to the degree that it interferes with their everyday life and is inconsistent with the usual developmental level of a child their age) may be diagnosed with the hyperactivity-impulsivity aspect of it.

ADHD can be diagnosed using other criteria

The following criteria may be used to diagnose it:

• Some hyperactive-impulsive or inattentive symptoms caused impairment before the child reached the age of seven years
• Symptoms of impairment in more than one setting, such as school and home
• Symptoms that are not explained by any other disorder (such as mood disorder, an anxiety disorder, trauma or dissociative disorder).

Types of ADHD

A health professional can use the criteria above to determine the type of it that a child has. IT can be classified into:

• It combined type – if the child meets the criteria for both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity for the past six months
• It is predominantly inattentive type – if the child meets the criteria for inattention but not the criteria for hyperactivity-impulsivity for the past six months
• It predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type – if the child meets the criteria for hyperactivity-impulsivity, but not the criteria for inattention, in the past six months.

ADHD causes

It is unknown what causes ADHD. According to the leading theory, It is a disorder of neurodevelopment. Contributing factors affecting brain development include:

• Genetics Some research suggests that possible gene changes could be present.
• Environment During Pregnancy and life exposures
• Life Experiences Lack of Early Attachment – If a child does not form a bond with their parent or caregiver or has had traumatic experiences relating to attachment, it can lead to hyperactivity and inattention.

Care for a child who has ADHD

It can be difficult to care for a child who has ADHD. You can reduce family stress and help your child develop and learn in various ways.

Be sure that everyone caring for the child has a consistent approach. They should also work together to support one another. It is important to take frequent breaks from caring for an it child.

You may find it helpful if:

• Create a routine at home and in school.
• Remind children to follow the rules calmly.
• Talk to your child while you are physically near.
• Only give your child one or two directions at a given time.
• To be sure they understand, ask them to repeat it.
• Recognize your child’s achievements and praise them when they behave well.
• You should be clear on the consequences of unacceptable behavior. Use ‘time-out’ for children between 18 months and 6 years of age or logical consequence for older children.

The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne has more information about and ways to help children with it.

ADHD Management

There are many ways to reduce the symptoms of it in your child. There are a few treatments that can help.

• Medications are commonly used to treat it medications. They can improve the ability of a child to concentrate, learn, and work.
• Psychotherapies, such as cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and behavior therapy
• Counseling for your child or other family members.

Parents and caregivers of children with it can benefit from the following:

• Parenting skills training helps parents learn to reward and encourage positive behaviors in their children
• Stress management is a good way to manage your life.
• Joining a Support Group.

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