Er: YAG laser is a new kind of laser in the 1980s. When the doping focus is high, the laser can acquire an outcome of 2.94 μm. Since the laser has a wavelength of 2.94 um, right at the absorption top of the water, it can be strongly taken in by water molecules. The mass fraction of water in biological cells and tissues is typically more than 70 percent.
Therefore, a 2.94 μm laser is an excellent option for laser biology applications. Utilizing this band of laser can also avoid the devastation of other molecular bonds in the cell and does not have big thermal damage like carbon dioxide laser; In addition, the passing through the depth of erbium laser in biological cells is very superficial, as well as its mechanical and also thermal damage to the body is very small. Therefore, the application and advancement of Er: YAG laser have been paid much attention in clinical circles at home and also abroad in the last few years.
Er: YAG crystal
The laser system of Er: YAG is fairly complex yet can recognize under particular conditions because of numerous energy transfers
2.94 μm laser result. Its macro qualities are tiny one-way gain, high threshold, and also not easy to achieve continual output; Nevertheless, due to the high doping focus, it is challenging to produce saturation so that it can acquire the laser pulse with big power.
Er3+: YAG crystal belongs to the cubic crystal system, an appealing strong laser product in the mid-infrared band, which can output laser of three wavelengths at space temperature: 1.64 μm, 1.78 μm, and 2.94 μm, among which 1.64 μm, as well as 1.78 μm, remain in the risk-free band of human eyes, 2.94 μm is in the hydroxyl absorption peak and can be highly absorbed by organic cells, so it has a great application possibility in laser medicine, laser interaction, laser range dimension, etc application
Medical
The result wavelength of Er: YAG laser is 2.94 μm, which is specifically regular with the peak of the water absorption range, and also the absorption coefficient is 13000cm-1, which is the greatest amongst existing medical lasers. It is a sort of laser easily soaked up by water molecules and also can achieve a terrific impact with little energy. The optical penetration deepness representing the absorption coefficient is 1μm; compared to various other clinical lasers, the infiltration depth is very superficial. This advantage is matchless to various other wavelengths as well as can be made use of to perform accurate cutting as well as soft tissue excision surgery. Consequently, it is suitable for precision clinical areas such as ophthalmology and capillary.
Plastic
Er: YAG laser in cosmetic surgery, bone and also tooth cutting, and also other applications have brought in much focus.
In addition, Er: YAG laser is an extremely secure and functional laser resource for medical usage since the damage to water-bearing cells is mechanical damage triggered by water evaporation, which does not leave burn scars, nor does it have the possible risk of genetic mutation brought on by damages to cell DNA comparable to the excimer laser.
Recently, the application of erbium-doped YAG laser in the clinical area has actually been paid more and more interest. With the maturation of Q-switching modern technology, the trouble of Q-switching of Er: YAG laser has relapsed, and the regulated 2.94 μm Er: YAG laser, the pulse width is considerably shortened, the peak power is additionally enhanced, which additionally minimizes the mechanical damages to the irradiated item surface, as well as the thermal damage is nearly absolutely no. The edge of the pulse trauma factor is smooth, which is extremely appropriate for various accuracy clinical areas.
Oral
Amongst all sorts of wavelength lasers, Er: YAG laser in the mid-infrared band has a wavelength of 2940nm, which occurs to be near the height of the water absorption contour and also the second optimal of the hydroxyapatite absorption contour. It is easy to be taken in by water and also hydroxyapatite, and especially easy to be absorbed by water to produce high power.
For that reason, it can act on soft and tough tissues with different water components to create cutting, ablating as well as grinding impacts and eliminate all types of microorganisms in the tissues at the same time. Consequently, it is a multi-functional laser extensively utilized in various professional subspecialties of the mouth. In addition, Er: YAG laser has the shallowest cells penetration deepness, only 2μm in soft tissue, 5μm in enamel, and 7μm in dentin, which has the advantages of accurate treatment and marginal tissue damage in clinical application.
At the same time, the water cooling layout makes the temperature rise brought on by Er: YAG laser irradiation of soft as well as difficult cells surface area no greater than 5 ℃, virtually no thermal damages, so the cell’s response after treatment is mild, quick recovery, really suitable for oral minimally invasive treatment.
Blood
The 2.94 μm laser emphasis interacts with water-saturated biological cells. It amounts to rapid heating of a finite volume in which the stress increases as well as product (such as blood) drains of the laceration without thickening, a weakness for some operations. Yet it was this quality that brought about the advancement of the laser blood sampler. The impact is good. The pain is smaller than in acupuncture blood collection. The injury area is smaller sized, the healing is quick, no infection.
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